Portrait Photography
Framed Photo
I used the clone stamp tool to make the background completely white. Then, I cropped the picture. I got a frame from the internet and dragged the picture into the frame. I made the picture smaller to fit it to the frame and then placed the picture's layer behind the frame layer to get the frame in the front.
Vignette Photo
I used the elliptical marquee tool to make an oval around the central subject matter. Then I used the inverse to feather the outer area of the oval and used hue/saturation to make the area out of the oval black.
Applied to Background
I cropped the image and used the magic wand tool to isolate out the white background. Then, I deleted the white to make the picture transparent. I moved the picture to the background layer and fit the picture to the background.
http://free-screensavers-backgrounds.com/category/bgs/flowers/ for flower background
Gradient Background
I cropped the picture, darkened it using the curves tool, and used a new canvas to make a gradient background. I isolated the white part out of the picture with the magic wand tool and put the new picture onto the gradient background. Then I fit the picture to the gradient background.